Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Review
Published: 03-07-2022

Benefícios do ômega 3 na prevenção de doença cardiovascular: Revisão integrativa de literatura

Instituto Santa Marta de Ensino e Pesquisa, Brasília, DF, Brasil
Faculdade de Medicina, Faculdade Alfredo Nasser (UNIFAN), Goiânia, GO, Brasil
cardiovascular diseases omega 3 supplementation

Abstract

Introduction: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a fat found in plant foods, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both found in fish, have been considered relevant substances for the maintenance of health, so that supplementation is being considered relevant for the reduction of cardiovascular risks. Objective: To identify and analyze the scientific evidence available in the literature on the contribution of omega 3 in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Materials and Methods: Integrative literature review, with deference to materials published in the Scielo and PubMed databases, which considered as inclusion criteria articles published in the last 5 years, available in full, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, which addressed the proposed theme; the exclusion criteria were editorials, letters to the editor, review studies, theses, dissertations, and duplicate articles that did not correspond to the theme. Results: Based on the aforementioned scientific evidence, the body's omega-3 indices are relevant to identify possible cardiovascular risk, so it can therefore be used as an objective for treatment when there is a possible risk for these manifestations. This risk factor can be modified by taking EPA and DHA. The standard 1 g/day dose of EPA and DHA recommended by cardiac societies is, however, probably far from ideal for everyone, as not only this standard dose but also diet, individual genetic history, body mass index, calorie intake and disposal, and other factors all together probably determine a person's level of omega-3 fatty acids. Therefore, it is suggested that the omega-3 index acts not only as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but that other contexts allied to the patient's lifestyle should be considered. Conclusion: Diet or supplementation of these nutrients may result in cardiovascular and other types of benefits to society as a whole.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

  1. Mozaffarian D, Wu JH. Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: effects on risk factors, molecular pathways, and clinical events. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58 (20) 2047-2067
  2. Weylandt KH, Chiu CY, Gomolka B, Waechter SF, Wiedenmann B. Omega-3 fatty acids and their lipid mediators: towards an understanding of resolvin and protectin formation. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2012; 97 (3-4): 73-82
  3. Mohebi-Nejad A, Bikdeli B. Omega-3 supplements and cardiovascular diseases. Tanaffos 2014; 13 (01) 6-14
  4. Adkins Y, Kelley DS. Mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 21 (09) 781-792
  5. Massaro M, Scoditti E, Carluccio MA, De Caterina R. Basic mechanisms behind the effects of n-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008; 79 (3-5): 109-115
  6. Cohen MG, Rossi JS, Garbarino J. et al. Insights into the inhibition of platelet activation by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: beyond aspirin and clopidogrel. Thromb Res 2011; 128 (04) 335-340
  7. Jacobson TA, Glickstein SB, Rowe JD, Soni PN. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipids: a review. J Clin Lipidol 2012; 6 (01) 5-18
  8. Mozaffarian D, Prineas RJ, Stein PK, Siscovick DS. Dietary fish and n-3 fatty acid intake and cardiac electrocardiographic parameters in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48 (03) 478-484
  9. Kris-Etherton PM, Fleming JA. Emerging nutrition science on fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: nutritionists' perspectives. Adv Nutr 2015; 6 (03) 326S-337S
  10. Mozaffarian D, Rimm EB. Fish intake, contaminants, and human health: evaluating the risks and the benefits. JAMA 2006; 296 (15) 1885-1899
  11. Hopia H, Latvala E, Liimatainen L. Reviewing the methodology of an integrative review. Scand J Caring Sci 2016; 30 (04) 662-669
  12. Balk EM, Lichtenstein AH. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Summary of the 2016 Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence Review. Nutrients 2017; 9 (08) 865-870
  13. Manson JE, Cook NR, Lee IM. et al; VITAL Research Group. Marine n-3 fatty acids and prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. N Engl J Med 2019; 380 (01) 23-32
  14. Abdelhamid AS, Brown TJ, Brainard JS. et al. Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. J Nutr Biochem 2018; •••: CD003177
  15. Poreba M, Mostowik M, Siniarski A. et al. Treatment with high-dose n-3 PUFAs has no effect on platelet function, coagulation, metabolic status or inflammation in patients with atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16 (01) 50
  16. Wang DD, Li Y, Chiuve SE. et al. Association of specific dietary fats with total and cause-specific mortality. JAMA Intern Med 2016; 176 (08) 1134-1145
  17. Paoli A, Moro T, Bosco G. et al. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3) supplementation on some cardiovascular risk factors with a ketogenic Mediterranean diet. Mar Drugs 2015; 13 (02) 996-1009
  18. Harris WS, Tintle NL, Etherton MR, Vasan RS. Erythrocyte long-chain omega-3 fatty acid levels are inversely associated with mortality and with incident cardiovascular disease: The Framingham Heart Study. J Clin Lipidol 2018; 12 (03) 718-727.e6
  19. Alfaddagh A, Elajami TK, Ashfaque H, Saleh M, Bistrian BR, Welty FK. Effect of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Added to Statin Therapy on Coronary Artery Plaque in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6 (12) 67-75
  20. Damasceno NRT. Impacto da suplementação com ácidos graxos ômega-3 nas subfrações da lipoproteína de alta densidade de indivíduos tabagistas. Rev Nutr 2016; 29 (04) x
  21. Erkkilä AT, Schwab US, Lehto S. et al. Effect of fatty and lean fish intake on lipoprotein subclasses in subjects with coronary heart disease: a controlled trial. J Clin Lipidol 2014; 8 (01) 126-133
  22. See VHL, Mori TA, Prescott SL, Beilin LJ, Burrows S, Huang RC. Cardiometabolic Risk Factors at 5 Years After Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Infancy. Pediatrics 2018; 142 (01) e20162623
  23. Karasawa T, Takahashi M. Role of NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24 (05) 443-451
  24. Mason RP, Jacob RF. Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits glucose-induced membrane cholesterol crystalline domain formation through a potent antioxidant mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015; 1848 (02) 502-509

How to Cite

Nascimento, P. M. do, & Scalabrini, H. M. (2022). Benefícios do ômega 3 na prevenção de doença cardiovascular: Revisão integrativa de literatura. International Journal of Nutrology, 13(3), 95–101. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1718995