Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
International Journal of Nutrology
Review
DOI: 10.54448/ijn23209
Submitted: 03-31-2023
Published: 04-01-2023

Major approaches to the mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome: a concise systematic review

Hospital Regional de São José dos Campos “Dr. Rubens Savastano”, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Vitalité Clinic, Votuporanga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Mediterranean diet Metabolic syndrome Nutritional therapy Prevention Control

Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is the association of chronic diseases related to diet and physical activity. Also recognized as a complex entity that associates well-established cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes, among others, with central fat deposition and insulin resistance. Currently, Metabolic Syndrome has gained disturbing dimensions within clinical practice, becoming one of the greatest challenges at the beginning of this century. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet recognized by the combination of a tasty palate and nutritional benefits, in addition to the culture of its link between health and longevity is a strategy in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Although there is no consensus on the most adequate nutritional strategy to treat Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in a way that reduces cardiovascular risk, recent studies show the efficacy of adopting healthy lifestyles capable of reversing this trend. Objective: To address the role of diet in MS therapy, with a primary focus on the interaction of the benefits of different nutritional interventions in the remission of MS, contributing to the integration of the current evidence in the preexisting context. Methods: The model followed for the systematic review was PRISMA. The search strategy was carried out in the databases PubMed, Embase, Ovid and Cochrane Library, Web Of Science, Science Direct Journals (Elsevier), Scopus (Elsevier), and OneFile (Gale), from September to November 2022, with articles in the last years. Results and Conclusion: In light of the studies carried out in the research it was found that the Mediterranean diet has shown benefits in the secondary prevention of this syndrome, although the underlying mechanisms are not completely clear. It is important to revitalize and apply this diet in the future in terms of preventive and therapeutic guidelines.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

  1. US NIH - National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. What is metabolic syndrome? Bethesda (MD), 2011. Disponível em: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/healthtopics/ topics/ms.
  2. Di Daniele N, Noce A, Vidiri MF, Moriconi E, Marrone G, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, D'Urso G, Tesauro M, Rovella V, De Lorenzo A. Impact of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome, cancer and longevity. Oncotarget. 2017 Jan 31;8(5):8947-8979. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13553.
  3. Mazzocchi A, Leone L, Agostoni C, Pali-Schöll I. The Secrets of the Mediterranean Diet. Does [Only] Olive Oil Matter? Nutrients. 2019 Dec 3;11(12):2941. doi: 10.3390/nu11122941.
  4. Finicelli M, Squillaro T, Di Cristo F, Di Salle A, Melone MAB, Galderisi U, Peluso G. Metabolic syndrome, Mediterranean diet, and polyphenols: Evidence and perspectives. J Cell Physiol. 2019 May;234(5):5807-5826. doi: 10.1002/jcp.27506. Epub 2018 Oct 14. PMID: 30317573.
  5. Sayón-Orea C, Razquin C, Bulló M, Corella D, Fitó M, Romaguera D, Vioque J, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Martínez JA, Serra-Majem L, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Lapetra J, Pintó X, Tur JA, López-Miranda J, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Matía-Martín P, Daimiel L, Sánchez VM, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Ros E, Ruiz-Canela M, Sorlí JV, Castañer O, Fiol M, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Arós F, Gómez-Gracia E, Zulet MA, Sánchez-Villegas A, Casas R, Bernal-López R, Santos-Lozano JM, Corbella E, Bouzas C, García-Arellano A, Basora J, Asensio EM, Schröder H, Moñino M, García de la Hera M, Tojal-Sierra L, Toledo E, Díaz-López A, Goday A, Salas-Salvadó J, Martínez-González MA. Effect of a Nutritional and Behavioral Intervention on Energy-Reduced Mediterranean Diet Adherence Among Patients With Metabolic Syndrome: Interim Analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019 Oct 15;322(15):1486-1499. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.14630.
  6. Papadaki A, Nolen-Doerr E, Mantzoros CS. The Effect of the Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials in Adults. Nutrients. 2020 Oct 30;12(11):3342. doi: 10.3390/nu12113342.
  7. Sotos-Prieto M, Ortolá R, Ruiz-Canela M, Garcia-Esquinas E, Martínez-Gómez D, Lopez-Garcia E, Martínez-González MÁ, Rodriguez-Artalejo F. Association between the Mediterranean lifestyle, metabolic syndrome and mortality: a whole-country cohort in Spain. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2021 Jan 5;20(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12933-020-01195-1.
  8. Girman CJ, Rhodes T, Mercuri M, Pyörälä K, Kjekshus J, Pedersen TR et al. for the 4S Group and the AFCAPS/TexCAPS Research Group. The metabolic syndrome and risk of major coronary events in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) and the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS). Am J Cardiol, 2004, v. 93, p. 136.
  9. Mathai K. Nutrition in The Adult Years. In: Mahan LK, Sylvia Escott-Stump S, editores. A Krause's Food, Nutrition & Diet Therapy. 11 ed. New York: Copyright; 2004. p. 302.
  10. Salas‐Salvado J, Fernandez‐Ballart J, Ros E, Martinez‐Gonzalez MA, Fito M, Estruch R, et al. Effect of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts on metabolic syndrome status: one‐ year results of the PREDIMED randomized trial. Arch Intern Med. 2008; 168.
  11. Rajaram S, Sabate J. Nuts, body weight and insulin resistance. Br J Nutr. 2006, p. 96.
  12. Medina JL. O que é a Síndroma Metabólica? Sua Importância Clínica. Endocrinologia Metabolismo & Nutrição. 2004.
  13. Klein S, Burke LE, Bray GA, Blair S, Allison DB, Pi-Sunyer X, et al. Clinical implications of obesity with specific focus on cardiovascular disease. A Statement for professionals from the American Heart Association council nutrition, physical activity, and metabolism. Circulation 2004; p. 110.
  14. Ludwig DS. The glycemic index: physiological mechanisms relating to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. JAMA 2002; p. 287.
  15. Alberti KGMM, Zimmet P, Shaw J. Metabolic Syndrome — A new world-wide definition. A consensus statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabet Med 2006; p. 23.
  16. Gang H, Qiao Q, Tuomilehto J, Balkau B, Borch-Johnsen K, Pyorala K for the DECODE Study Group. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its relation to allcause and cardiovascular mortality in nondiabetic European men in women. Arch Intern Med, 2004, v. 164, p. 1066–1076.
  17. Dibello JR, Mc Garvey ST, Kraft P, Goldberg R, Campos H, Quested C, et al. Dietary patterns are associated with metabolic syndrome in adult Samoans. J Nutr. 2009; p. 139.
  18. Noel SE, Newby PK, Ordovas JM, Tucker KL. A traditional rice and beans pattern is associated with metabolic syndrome in Puerto Rican older adults. J Nutr. 2009.
  19. Rezende ABMA. Mediterranean Diet – Characteristics and gastronomic aspects. 2006. Monograph (Specialization in Gastronomy and Food Safety) – Center of Excellence in Tourism, University of Brasília, Brasília, 2006. Available at: http://bdm.bce.unb.br/handle/10483/497.
  20. Salen, P.; Lorgeril, M. Mediterranean Dietary Habits and Prevention of Myocardial Infarction. Medicine & Hygiene. 2007, v. 55, ed. 1, p. 438-442.
  21. Robertson, R.M. et al. Can a Mediterranean – Style diet reduce heart disease? Circulation. 2001, v. 103, ed. 1, p. 1821-1822.
  22. Grande-Covián F. Prologue. In: MEDINA, X. (Ed.) Mediterranean Food – History, Culture, Nutrition. Barcelona: Icaria Antrazyt, 2016.
  23. Babio N, Bullo M, Salas‐Salvado J. Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome: the evidence. Public Health Nutr. 2009.
  24. Gouveri ET, Tzavara C, Drakopanagiotakis F, Tsaoussoglou M, Marakomichelakis GE, Tountas Y et al. Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome in na urban population: the Athens Study. Nutr Clin Pract. 2011.
  25. Bernardes PMG. Mediterranean Diet: Sterols and Ethanols. 2010. Bibliographic Review Article (Integrated Master's Degree in Medicine) – Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, 2010. Available at: http://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/53410.
  26. Willet, W.C. et al. Mediterranean diet pyramid: a cultural model for healthy eating. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2005, v. 61, p. 1402-1406.
  27. Esposito K, Kastorini CM, Panagiotakos DB, Giugliano D. Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome: an updated systematic review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2013.
  28. Kastorini CM, Milionis HJ, Esposito K, Giugliano D, Goudevenos JA, Panagiotakos DB. The effect of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome and its components: a meta- analysis of 50 studies and 534,906 individuals. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011; v. 57, p. 1299- 1313.
  29. Henrissen EJ. Exercise effects of muscle insulin signaling and action. Invited review: effects of acute exercise and exercise training on insulin resistance. J Appl Physiol, 2002, v. 93, p. 788.
  30. Tuomiletho J. Cardiovascular risk: Prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2005.

How to Cite

Silva, M. P. da, & Batista, F. C. (2023). Major approaches to the mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome: a concise systematic review. International Journal of Nutrology, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.54448/ijn23209