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International Journal of Nutrology
Review
DOI: 10.54448/ijn23224
Submitted: 06-16-2023
Published: 06-16-2023

Major metabolic and metabolomic aspects of nutrition in the gut microbiota and sports performance: a systematic review

Medical Clinic. Rua Joao Borba 131. Moóca, São Paulo, Brazil
Medical Clinic. Edifício New York Square, C-136 Avenue, 797, setor sul, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
Medical Clinic. Higienópolis Avenue, 15, 114-O, Higienópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
Vanessa Cremasco Clinic. Pedroso Alvarenga Street, 584 - Itaim Bibi, São Paulo, Brazil
Apothek Institute Teaching and Research Center, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Medical Clinic. Álvaro de Otacílio Avenue, 3731. Ponta Verde, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
Suganuma Clinic. Salgado Filho Avenue, 2120 - 1914c - Jardim Maia, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
IPEMED, Alameda Lorena, 269, Jardim Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
Vera Cruz Hospital. Andrade Neves Avenue, 402 - Botafogo, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Nutrology Gut microbiota Metabolism Sports performance Athletes

Abstract

Introduction: In the context of sports performance, nutrition has been used to improve the health of the brain, bones, muscles, and cardiovascular system of athletes. However, recent research suggests that the gut microbiota (GM) may also play a role in athlete health and performance. Objective: It was to carry out a systematic review of the main clinical findings, involving the metabolic and metabolomic aspects, of the relationship between gut microbiota and sports performance under control and nutrological modulation. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from January to March 2023 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 328 articles were found, and 132 articles were evaluated in full and 108 were included and developed in this systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 52 studies with a high risk of bias and 74 studies that did not meet GRADE. It was concluded that athletes must feed, train and utilize the entire supraorganism, including the GM, implementing gut-centered dietary strategies to achieve optimal performance. Current evidence suggests that the GM may contribute to sports performance through the production of dietary metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids), influence on gastrointestinal physiology (e.g. nutrient absorption), and immune modulation (inhibition of pathogens). Dietary strategies common in athletes, such as a high intake of protein and simple carbohydrates and a low intake of nondigestible carbohydrates, may adversely affect the GM and predispose athletes to gastrointestinal problems and thus impair performance. However, adequate dietary fiber intake, a variety of protein sources, and an emphasis on unsaturated fats, especially ɷ-3 fatty acids, as well as supplementation with pre, pro, and synbiotics, have shown promising results in optimizing the health of the athletes and their GM with potential beneficial effects on performance.

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How to Cite

Ishikawa, V. N., Gontijo, G. M., Ichikawa, A. I. T., Bubna, P., Conter, F. da S., Queiroz, A. C. M. de, Picchia, R. D., Nunes, B. M. M., & Cardillo, I. C. P. (2023). Major metabolic and metabolomic aspects of nutrition in the gut microbiota and sports performance: a systematic review. International Journal of Nutrology, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.54448/ijn23224