Abstract
Introduction: In the regenerative nutrology scenario, nutrients and energy balance stand out as triggers for the balanced functions (maintenance of quiescence) of adult tissue stem cells for tissue and metabolic regeneration. Objective: It was to develop a systematic review of clinical studies to explore the main nutrients and diets to favor tissue and metabolic regeneration, as well as to understand the functions of mesenchymal stem cells, gut microbiota, microRNAs, and exosomes in this process. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The search was carried out from February to April 2025 in the Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: 133 articles were found. A total of 35 articles were evaluated in full and 23 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane risk of bias tool, the overall assessment resulted in 26 studies with a high risk of bias and 21 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMASTAR-2. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=81.2%>50%. It was concluded that signaling pathways, including mTORC, AMPK, MAPK, and others, are all sensitive to changes in nutrient levels. A healthy plant-based diet can reduce skin inflammation and improve overall skin health. Intermittent fasting regimens can inhibit hair follicle regeneration. Despite this, fasting-stimulated autophagy degrades unwanted components and plays a key role in muscle regeneration. Omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium, zinc, vitamins A, C, D, and resveratrol, together with probiotics, positively improve ulcer healing. Milk contains exosomes (extracellular vesicles) and microRNAs that influence the gut microbiota and aid in tissue regeneration. Supplementation with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine promotes wound regeneration. Finally, studies have shown that patients with ulcers have deficient levels of vitamin C.