Abstract
Introduction: Dietary restriction without malnutrition remains the most robust non-genetic intervention to date and can maximize life expectancy and health. It also increases life expectancy and protects against obesity, cancer, neurodegeneration, frailty, and a range of cardiometabolic conditions. Objective: It was to develop a systematic review of the impacts of adequate nutrition and lifestyle on healthy human longevity. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from May to June 2025 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 134 articles were found, and 40 articles were evaluated in full, and 30 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 28 studies with a high risk of bias and 24 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=92.2%>50%. Innovative, and possibly holistic, food and diet-based intervention strategies for healthy aging include the adoption of regimes such as calorie and dietary restriction, as well as time-restricted eating. Chrononutrition denotes the link between circadian rhythms and nutrient-sensing pathways. Nutrients of interest for cognitive health include omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, vitamin D, and B vitamins. Low concentrations of vitamin D have been linked to accelerated decline in cognition across ethnicities. Dietary regimens have been suggested as interventions to treat conditions such as hypertension, and dyslipidemia, the Mediterranean diet for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular health, and the Okinawa diet for healthy aging. Certain amino acids are emerging as promising adjunctive treatments for mind-body balance, such as N-acetylcysteine. Multivitamins and multimineral supplements can improve life expectancy.