Abstract
Introduction: The main risk factor for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is a positive family history. The pathogenesis of IBD is linked to genetically susceptible individuals, dysregulated intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis), chronic inflammation and poor dietary patterns. Diet plays an important role in modulating the gut microbiota. Objective: It was to carry out a systematic review on the main interactions between nutrition, lifestyle changes, intestinal microbiota and inflammatory bowel diseases, in order to highlight the main clinical outcomes. Methods: The present study followed the international systematic review model (PRISMA). This study was carried out from January to March 2025. It included randomized controlled, prospective and retrospective studies. Common descriptive statistical analysis was performed. The Chi-Square (X2) and One-Way (ANOVA) tests were applied, adopting an α level lower than 0.05 (p<0.05) with statistical significance in the 95% confidence interval. The R-sq (X2) value using the Chi-Square test was analyzed to discover the inaccuracy or heterogeneity of the analyses, adopting the codes of low association ≤ 25%, medium association 25% <X<50% and high association ≥ 50%. The Cohen test was performed to calculate the effect size (Effect Size) and the inverse of the standard error (precision or sample size) for the risk of bias (Funnel Plot). Results: A total of 207 were found, 17 clinical studies on the modulation of diet to control IBD were included in this study. These studies showed reductions in persistent intestinal symptoms, improvement in the intestinal microbiota, reduction in markers of inflammation and improvement in quality of life, with statistical significance (p<0.05) (95% CI). The studies were homogeneous (X2 = 92.32%), which increases the reliability of clinical results on the importance of diet in modulating IBD. Conclusion: The important role of dietary modulation in controlling and even remitting IBD was evident.