Abstract
Introduction: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have an increasing incidence and prevalence, such as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Gut dysbiosis is affected by host genetics, nutrition, antibiotics, and inflammation, and is associated with the development of IBD, which can be attributed to impaired miRNA expression functions. Micro and macronutrient deficiencies and overabundance of calories and macronutrients trigger inflammatory processes and susceptibility to infections. Objective: To present the nutrological, microbiological, and extracellular vesicle (exosome-microRNAs) evidence in the modulation and control of symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The literary search process was carried out from September to October 2025 in the Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 189 articles were found. A total of 27 articles were fully evaluated and 21 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 21 studies with a high risk of bias and 29 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=75.7%>50%. Concluiu-se que os miRNAs são importantes reguladores da função celular e da homeostase, e sua atividade anormal foi demonstrada em diversas doenças, incluindo DII. O uso de miRNAs como biomarcadores e alvos terapêuticos pode ajudar a monitorar o tratamento da DII e apoiar o desenvolvimento de novas terapias mais individualizadas que minimizem os efeitos colaterais comuns. A manipulação dietética dos microRNAs por meio dos prebióticos e probióticos podem manipular seletivamente a microbiota intestinal, produzindo ácidos graxos de cadeia curta que fornecem energia para as células epiteliais intestinais e induzem respostas imunes regulatórias protetoras.