Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease that is characterized by an unhealthy proportion of body fat and metabolic diseases. It has also been recently shown that epigenetics (e.g., DNA methylation, histone changes, and non-coding RNAs) must be considered in treating obese clients because epigenetics can manipulate adipocytes and energy metabolism. Calorie-restriction (CR) methods have already been known to yield iweight-loss effects. Recent studies have established that epigenetic modification in adipose tissue are central to CR intervention can initiate a more preferable remodelling of epigenetics in adipose tissue, in a way that will enable a change in metabolic state. The article recounts the effects of CR intervention on the adipose tissue epigenetics in obese adults, and as case illustrations of a clinical nutrology perspective. The recent studies gave significant results, such as coordinated alterations in obesity-related locus CR-induced methylation, histone acetylation, and changes in microRNA expression that result in better insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammation, and lipid metabolism. It means that epigenetic markers can be considered as markers of dietary responsiveness that would allow individualized nutrition in the case of differences in responding to CR interventions, including potential confounders. These are just initiations to the incorporation of epigenetics into the nutrition sciences, and It consider CR not only as a calorie-limiting intervention but also as an intervention that can alter gene regulation. This will enable us to advance the nutrition practice in the future with precision nutrology, developing sustainable obesity management, and providing metabolic health in the long term.