Abstract
Introduction: The prevalence of scoliosis varies geographically and ethnically, and it is most frequently diagnosed in adolescence, typically between the ages of 10 and 18. The impact of the use of calcium and vitamin D in patients with idiopathic scoliosis appears to be promising, reducing the incidence and prevalence of cases. Studies on the natural progression of scoliosis indicate that untreated patients may experience significant worsening of the condition. Objective: It was to analyze the nutritional aspects and waiting time in Cobb Angle worsening in young patients with scoliosis. Methods: The PRISMA systematic review guidelines were followed. Randomized clinical trials, prospective studies, and retrospective studies were included in the analysis. The literature search was conducted from January to March 2026 and was based on Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Lilacs, Ebsco, Scielo, and Google Scholar, covering scientific articles from various periods to the present. Results and Conclusion: A total of 119 articles were submitted to eligibility analysis, with 18 final studies selected with 3,778 participants selected for this systematic review (scoliosis and nutritional deficiency, n=07, and scoliosis, waiting times, and the progression of Cobb angle, n=11). According to the GRADE instrument, most studies for scoliosis and nutritional deficiency showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=77.1%>50%, and X2=68.4>50% for scoliosis, waiting times, and the progression of Cobb angle. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 25 studies with a high risk of bias and 22 studies that did not meet the GRADE and AMSTAR-2 criteria. Figures 2 and 3 present the results of the risk of bias of the studies with symmetrical behavior, suggesting a low risk of bias. It was concluded that patients undergoing scoliosis surgery experience prolonged waiting times, which may contribute to the progression of the deformity, including an increase in the Cobb angle. Strategies to reduce this waiting time may lead to improved clinical outcomes and fewer complications. Studies show that individuals on the waiting list for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery experience worsening of the spinal deformity, increased treatment costs, and may negatively impact patients' quality of life. Increased waiting times for surgery negatively impact the quality of life of scoliosis patients. The positive correlation between vitamin D and calcium, together with the negative correlation with the Cobb angle, is further proof that patients with idiopathic scoliosis should be regularly investigated for these pathologies.