Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly associated with elevated cancer risk through interconnected biochemical disturbances, particularly oxidative stress dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and altered intracellular signaling. Objective: This study investigated cancer risk–related biochemical markers in women with T2DM and adopted an applied biological chemistry approach through the synthesis and evaluation of selected antioxidant amide derivatives supported by molecular docking analysis. Methods: Serum levels of Akt protein, C-reactive protein (CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) were assessed in diabetic patients and healthy controls. T2DM patients exhibited significant Akt hyperactivation, elevated MDA levels, reduced CAT activity, and increased CRP concentrations, indicating a pro-risk biochemical environment driven by redox imbalance and inflammation. Results: In parallel, antioxidant amide derivatives were synthesized, and two compounds were selected based on antioxidant screening. Their total antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the phosphomolybdate assay, and molecular docking analysis provided mechanistic insight into their interactions with oxidative stress–related protein targets. Conclusion: Overall, the findings highlight oxidative stress dysregulation as a central biochemical link between T2DM and increased cancer risk and support the applied evaluation of antioxidant amide derivatives as potential biochemical candidates for oxidative stress modulation.