Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are among the most pressing global public health concerns. The prevalence of obesity has increased markedly worldwide over recent decades, while T2DM currently affects more than 530 million adults, with projections indicating a continued rise in its global burden in the coming years. Objective: The present study was conducted to determine Spexin and Nesfatin-1 serum levels in men with obesity compared with healthy individuals, their relation with insulin resistance estimated by HOMA-IR index and predictive value for insulin resistance and T2DM risk among obese subjects. Materials and Methods: 60 male subjects with obesity were recruited in the study, divided into three age groups (25–35, 36–45 and 46–55 years), together with thirty healthy male controls. Blood samples were obtained after fasting for at least 10 h. HOMA-IR was calculated for evaluation of insulin resistance, Spexin and Nesfatin-1 levels were determined by ELISA. Statistical tests were also carried out to compare groups, correlations and predictive value of the biomarkers studied. Results: There was a significant decrease (p≤ 0.01) in Spexin and Nesfatin-1 serum concentrations among Men with obesity compared to the control group. Both hormones presented significantly negative correlations with HOMAIR, whilst fasting insulin and glucose were markedly higher (p ≤ 0.01) in obese participants and that Spexin, Nesfatin-1 are inversely related to insulin resistance in OB. There were no differences in Spexin, Nesfatin-1 or insulin according to the age groups. In contrast, fasting plasma glucose and insulin resistance values showed impressively higher differences with aging (p ≤ 0.01), exhibiting a very fecund progressive increase along the life span. Conclusion: The results indicate that Spexin and Nesfatin-1 might have potential predictive value for insulin resistance, and be Auxiliary biomarkers to early estimate the risk of T2DM in patients with obesity.