Abstract
Introduction: Down syndrome is are three chromosome copies (trisomy) from chromosome 21 in the somatic cells of a person. People may have Mosaic Down syndrome, which is a combination of two types of cells, meaning that they are two cell lines of one fertilized cell (zygote). Some cells contain 46 chromosomes, indicating that they are normal cells, while other cells contain 47 chromosomes; cells with 47 chromosomes contain an extra chromosome 21. Objective: The relationship between Mosaic Down syndrome and thyroid gland shape and between Mosaic Down syndrome and thyroid gland hormones T3, T4 and TSH, and effect of honey on those with hypothyroidism. Methods: Karyotyping was performed for 20 males in childhood who were 10 years old, and all of them had Mosaic Down syndrome. The levels of thyroid hormones (T3, T4, TSH) were measured and 6 controls were included, patients were fed honey to observe the effect of honey on the concentration of thyroid hormones in the blood. Results: The highest percentage of thyroid hormones (57, 0.75, 0.35), (T3, T4, TSH) in the sample in which the lowest percentage of mosaicism was 8.16%, and the lowest percentage of thyroid hormones was recorded (9, 0.01, undetectable), (T3, T4, TSH) in the sample that had the highest percentage of mosaicism (32.25%). The rate of decrease in thyroid hormone levels increases further as the percentage of mosaicism increases, the percentage of sister chromatids exchanged in the group with mosaic Down syndrome was (62.46 ±6.12) compared to the percentage of exchanges in the control group (41.61 ± 4.84), honey was highly effective in raising thyroid hormone levels. Conclusion: All patients with Mosaic Down syndrome have hypothyroidism, and the rate of decline in thyroid hormones increases further as the percentage of mosaicism increases, the higher the degree of mosaicism, the greater the rate of sister chromatid exchange, there were significant differences; honey raised the level of thyroid hormones in patients.